Nat Quansah

An ethnobotanist, Nat Quansah reintroduced the use of native plants as medicine to thousands of Malagasy people in an Ambodisakoana clinic he opened, educating the community about the need for forest conservation in Madagascar.

Madagascar is the fourth largest and one of the most isolated of the world’s great islands. This isolation gave rise to a tremendous array of unique plants and animals. More than 80% of the island’s species are endemic and represent about 5% of the world’s total plant and animal species. Though humans arrived on the island only 1,500 years ago, the combination of an increasing population and a poor economy are causing rapid destruction of natural habitats. By 1993, only 25% of the country’s original forests remained.

As in most remote regions of the world, western pharmaceutical products are not readily available in Madagascar. Meanwhile, countless traditional plant-based remedies have been devalued and forgotten. Ironically, many of the pharmaceuticals used in Western medicine have been derived from plants found in tropical rainforests. For example, the rosy periwinkle, a plant indigenous to Madagascar, is the source of an essential element of a drug used to treat childhood leukemia, increasing chances of recovery from 20 to 80%.

Concerned about deforestation and the loss of many cultural traditions, Nat Quansah opened a clinic in the northwestern village of Ambodisakoana in 1994. There he developed and implemented the Integrated Health Care and Conservation Program, in which the cultural tradition of using natural substances for medicinal purposes is being reintroduced. With the assistance of a local traditional healer, he taught the community to treat coughs, diarrhea, fever, and wounds using local plants. Some more serious illnesses, such as malaria, are still treated with pharmaceuticals.